The development of CNC tool holder
High speed, high efficiency, compounding, high precision, high reliability and environmental protection are the development trends of advanced cutting technology and the requirements for CNC tool holders. The development of CNC tool holder manufacturing technology mainly focuses on the following aspects: tool material manufacturing technology, tool coating manufacturing technology, tool structure design and manufacturing technology, tool system manufacturing technology connecting CNC tool holders and CNC machine tools, and cutting database and other related software Technology.

(1) "Prescribe the right medicine" for CNC tool handle materials, and attach importance to the development of ultra-hard and ultra-fine materials

Cutting tool material is the basis for determining the cutting performance of the tool, especially the cutting efficiency and reliability of the tool. It is a development trend today to "prescribe the right medicine" to develop a specific tool material that matches the characteristics of the workpiece (material properties, machining allowance, batch, requirements, etc.). Cobalt high-speed steel, powder metallurgy high-speed steel, cemented carbide (including ultra-fine grained cemented carbide), ceramics, cermets and other materials have been rapidly promoted and widely used in CNC tool holders. In particular, the carbide grades for CNC tool holders and indexable non-regrindable inserts have developed rapidly in recent years, accounting for a major share. Submicron ultra-fine grained cemented carbide material significantly improves the cutting mechanical properties (strength, hardness) of the tool. For complex forming CNC gear tools, cobalt high-speed steel and powder high-speed steel have a great tendency to replace traditional high-speed steel. With the increasing demand for cutting and processing of non-ferrous metal materials, organic composite materials and even wood, especially the development of automobiles (cylinder blocks, cylinder heads, pistons, etc.), aerospace, military industry, and furniture manufacturing, silicon-aluminum alloys, aluminum-magnesium alloys , The processing of composite honeycomb material parts and hardened workpieces has promoted the progress of manufacturing technology of superhard tool materials such as polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and cubic boron nitride (CBN). With the promotion of environmental protection requirements, dry cutting technology, micro-cooling liquid cooling, and low-temperature gas cooling technology came into being, which put forward new requirements for the high temperature resistance of cutting tool materials (and coatings) - excellent high temperature red hardness, high temperature anti-sticking The compatibility and high temperature friction performance are very important to the performance of the dry cutting CNC tool holder. 

(2) The coating of CNC tool holders is developing rapidly, and new coatings are emerging one after another.

Tool coating is another key technology that determines the cutting performance of the tool, especially the cutting efficiency and reliability of the tool, which meets the requirements of economical development: the cutting efficiency is significantly improved, the tool performance is significantly improved, and the service life is doubled, which not only saves resources , and reduce costs. In recent years, the development of tool coating technology has been unprecedentedly rapid, and new coating equipment and coating materials have emerged one after another. On the basis of traditional TiN, TiC, TiCN, Al2O3 coatings, new coatings such as TiAlN, TiBN, TiAlBN, CrN, CrC, SN2 with better high temperature red hardness and soft coatings that can improve self-lubricating properties have been developed MoS2. Diamond coating, diamond-like carbon coating DCL and CBN coating have also been developed rapidly. The nano-coating structure can significantly improve the coating performance under the same coating situation, and it has attracted much attention.

Currently. The coating process of cutting tools mainly adopts two categories: chemical coating (CVD) and physical coating (PVD). Because the working temperature of the physical coating is low, it has little influence on the strength of the tool matrix, and maintains the geometric accuracy of the tool and the cutting performance of the cutting edge, so it is used more. Hot cathode ion plating technology and equipment from Chengdu Tool Research Institute, closed-field non-equilibrium magnetron sputtering ion plating and equipment co-produced by Xi'an University of Technology and the United Kingdom, and high ionization sputtering coating technology and equipment from CemeCon, Germany, part of It reflects the current status and development trend of coating technology and equipment, and has achieved good results in the coating application of high-speed steel complex forming tools and carbide CNC tool holders. In recent years, Shanghai Tool Factory and Guiyang Tool Factory have introduced new coating equipment respectively. Hayigong and PVT, Hanjiang Tool and BALZERS have also established joint coating centers respectively, and many foreign companies have opened tool coating services in China. The center has promoted the rapid improvement of the quality of domestic complex forming tools, CNC tool holders and blade coatings, and has further moved closer to the international advanced level.

It should be mentioned that attention should be paid to the optimal configuration of workpiece material and cutting tool substrate and coating. Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Factory and Zhuzhou Diamond Cutting Tool Co., Ltd. have invested hundreds of millions of yuan in recent years, through the introduction of technology, in the development of new cemented carbide material grades, coating technology and equipment, indexable CNC inserts and solid carbide CNC tool holders and production has achieved remarkable results. 

(3) CNC tool holder and tool system meet the requirements of high-speed and compound cutting

The innovative and optimized design of the structure and geometric parameters of CNC tool holders and indexable CNC inserts, such as the development of a new type of precision-formed chip breaker geometry, effectively improves the cutting performance of the tool. In recent years, the pace of development of CNC combined tools and composite tools has accelerated. For example, the combination of rough cutting hob and finishing hob with wavy cutting edge, and combination of gear hob and deburring tool have all improved the efficiency of hobbing. In order to meet the requirements of CNC compound turning-milling machining center and complete the requirements of plane, cylindrical surface, hole and thread cutting in one installation of the workpiece, a new type of CNC tool holder that meets the automatic tool change of turning and milling is developed. Zhuzhou Diamond's investment and introduction of technology and the cooperation between Shanggong and SU will further improve the design and manufacturing level of CNC tool holders and gear cutters in my country.

The tool system precisely and firmly connects the CNC tool holder with the CNC machine tool spindle, which determines the clamping accuracy of the tool and transmits the cutting motion and power of the tool. For high-speed and high-efficiency machining, the traditional tool system with 7:24 taper using single-side (taper) constraint clamping can no longer meet the requirements, and the HSK tool system (with 1:10 taper) has been popularized and applied. It adopts the principle of double-sided (cone and end plane) restraint and clamping, and the contact stiffness and transmission torque are greatly improved. In recent years, its promotion in China has also progressed, but it is mainly used with imported machine tools. The main reason is that the machine tool spindle and tools The establishment and transfer of benchmarks in the manufacture of the system, and the provision of measurement and testing equipment and means. Japan's Dashowa Seiki has developed a double-sided (cone and end plane) constrained clamping tool system with a 7:24 taper, which can not only achieve a similar effect to HSK, but also be interchangeable with traditional 7:24 taper shank tools . Recently, Harbin Measuring and Cutting Tool Factory acquired the German KELCH company and absorbed the advanced manufacturing technology of CNC tool system (design, manufacturing, testing, working standards, etc.), which will promote and speed up the development of CNC tool system and CNC tool holder in my country manufacturing process. 

(4) CNC tool holder measuring instrument

In order to ensure the quality of CNC tool holders with high cutting performance, high precision, complex shape and structure, CNC tool holder testing instruments have been paid attention to. For example, the Saturn series CCD CNC tool holder presetter from Zoller Company in Germany and the TooldyneSV CNC tool holder dynamic balance detector from Schenck Company are developing rapidly, and high-end new products from abroad are constantly entering the market. The non-contact on-machine CNC tool holder detectors from BLUM Company of Germany and RENISHAW Company of England adopt the air jet device, which can precisely detect and set the length, radius, Radial runout can also monitor tool edge shape errors and breakage. In addition, it can measure and compensate the relative position error of the tool caused by temperature change, which improves the machining accuracy of the machine tool.

(5) CNC tool holder closed-loop manufacturing system

The integration of measurement technology and equipment into the machining and manufacturing process of CNC tool holders has promoted the development of digital manufacturing technology of CNC tool holders. The CNC tool holder closed-loop manufacturing system of German WALTER Company and the arc bevel gear tool closed-loop manufacturing system of Klingelnberg Company are examples of this advanced CNC tool holder manufacturing technology. Through computer communication, the system can realize reprocessing from CAD, CAM, CAI to CAM until the quality meets the requirements, and realize the "zero-waste" manufacturing of CNC tool holders. The information of the entire manufacturing system of the CNC tool holder has been integrated and merged.

The CNC tool holder cutting database is integrated into the CNC machine tool, which is also an important part of the development of CNC cutting technology. my country has begun to explore the beginning. The key to the realization of this technology is the feasibility and practicality of the data. The metal cutting database query service launched by the Chengdu Tool Research Institute on the Internet integrates the relevant research results of the Tool Research Institute since the "Sixth Five-Year Plan". With the development of cutting technology, especially the development of cutting technology for high-speed, high-efficiency, and difficult-to-machine materials, the database should be adapted to the needs of development and constantly updated, supplemented and improved.

For CNC cutting processing systems, we must pay attention to the development of CNC tool holder manufacturing technology, and pay attention to cutting mechanism, CNC tool holder design, materials, manufacturing processes, edge strengthening technology, surface strengthening technology, CNC tool holder detection technology, and CNC tool holders. The technical development and quality management of the whole process of CNC tool holder manufacturing, such as the handle cutting database. Using advanced information technology to integrate, analyze, diagnose and feed back the information of each link (including application) in the CNC tool holder manufacturing closed-loop system to improve the manufacturing quality and level, which is very important for the development of CNC tool holder manufacturing technology, It is also crucial for the development of CNC machining technology.